(The Center Square) – As of May, more than 200,000 Louisianans had left the state’s Medicaid rolls over the previous year, while participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, declined by about 168,000 people as of April after federal policy changes took effect last summer.
The enrollment declines come as state lawmakers approved several measures during the 2026 legislative session aimed at increasing oversight, verification and coordination within public assistance programs. Supporters say the changes will improve program integrity and help ensure benefits go only to eligible recipients. Critics say the new requirements could create additional hurdles for families seeking assistance.
One of the most closely watched measures was Senate Bill 194, which establishes new eligibility verification requirements for applicants seeking Medicaid and food assistance benefits.
Lawmakers amended the legislation to preserve Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program coverage for certain lawfully residing immigrant children.
Another bill approved this session, Senate Bill 52, requires the Department of Children and Family Services to notify the Louisiana Department of Health when a child is removed from or returned to a parent’s custody. The goal is to ensure benefits such as SNAP, Medicaid, the Women, Infants and Children program, and cash assistance are adjusted to reflect changes in household composition.
Bill author Stewart Cathey, R-Monroe, said the measure is intended to improve oversight of public assistance programs when children enter state custody.
“This bill is about honesty, accountability and respect for the taxpayers who fund these programs,” Cathey said in a February statement. “When a child leaves a household, benefits tied to that child should stop immediately. Anything else is a failure of government.”
The legislation requires notification within 72 hours when a child enters state custody and directs the state to review and adjust SNAP, WIC, FITAP and Medicaid benefits accordingly. It also requires referrals to fraud investigators when individuals knowingly fail to report household changes and authorizes recovery of improperly received benefits.
The bill further requires benefits to be restored promptly when a child is reunified with a parent.
“Public assistance exists to help children – not to subsidize dishonesty or bureaucratic inertia,” Cathey said. “This bill restores integrity to the system.”
Lawmakers also passed House Bill 181, which grants the Louisiana Legislative Auditor access to individual state income tax return information for the purpose of reviewing Medicaid and SNAP eligibility determinations and identifying potential fraud.
Another measure, House Bill 335, requires some private and nonprofit organizations administering public benefits to verify citizenship status and report cases where citizenship cannot be confirmed. The bill was amended during the legislative process to exempt organizations involved in food distribution, disaster response, Medicaid services, domestic violence assistance, homelessness services and pregnancy support programs.
While much of the session focused on eligibility verification and program oversight, lawmakers also approved legislation addressing food insecurity. House Bill 218 requires public schools to ask families about food insecurity through school questionnaires, potentially providing educators and policymakers with additional information about student needs.
Invest in Louisiana, a Baton Rouge-based nonprofit think tank that advocates for inclusive public policies and equitable state budgets, called the session “a step backward for people who rely on safety net programs, especially immigrants and children.”
In a report wrapping up the session, the organization said, “It shows the state is far more invested in policing, verifying, and privatizing the safety net than in expanding it. The bills that passed tightened immigrant families’ access, automated benefit cuts around child custody, and stood up a donor-funded parallel food system.”
A separate proposal, House Bill 269, which would have required public schools to provide free breakfast to all students, did not advance during the session.
